Dr Joan Madia

Socioeconomic deprivation influences how people access emergency departments, with differing referral routes linked to varied ED experiences. Improving access to primary and urgent care may reduce inequalities and support more efficient emergency care use.

Infections cause approximately 12% of cancers worldwide, with higher rates in low-income regions. Key culprits include HPV, hepatitis viruses, H. pylori, and Epstein-Barr virus. Through chronic inflammation and genetic disruption, these pathogens trigger malignancy. The hopeful news: vaccination, screening, and treatment offer powerful prevention tools, potentially saving millions of lives.

Preterm birth affects nearly 8% of babies in England, with major lifelong health, developmental, and social impacts. Causes are complex, and prevention remains difficult. Premature infants face higher risks of disability, chronic illness, and cognitive or emotional challenges. Inequalities persist, especially among Black and Asian mothers. Families experience trauma and financial strain. Consistent care, family support, and long-term follow-up are vital to improve outcomes and reduce disparities