Dr Joan Madia

Preterm birth affects nearly 8% of babies in England, with major lifelong health, developmental, and social impacts. Causes are complex, and prevention remains difficult. Premature infants face higher risks of disability, chronic illness, and cognitive or emotional challenges. Inequalities persist, especially among Black and Asian mothers. Families experience trauma and financial strain. Consistent care, family support, and long-term follow-up are vital to improve outcomes and reduce disparities

While living longer is a significant achievement, it’s the quality of those extra years that matters most. As life expectancy rises, a gap remains between lifespan and healthy years. Prioritizing prevention is essential to reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases and support healthier, more independent lives while easing pressure on healthcare systems.

Growth mindset interventions aim to empower students by promoting the belief that intelligence is malleable. While they show modest academic benefits, new research suggests they cannot overcome structural inequalities alone. Socioeconomic status remains a major driver of achievement gaps, highlighting that belief must be paired with systemic support to truly close the education gap.