Cities symbolize prosperity, attracting people through jobs, capital, and productivity gains. Glaeser (2015) argues urbanization drives growth rather than just resulting from it. Africa faces rapid urbanization where cities are growing faster than state capacity and economic development, creating new challenges but also opportunities for transformation.

While living longer is a significant achievement, it’s the quality of those extra years that matters most. As life expectancy rises, a gap remains between lifespan and healthy years. Prioritizing prevention is essential to reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases and support healthier, more independent lives while easing pressure on healthcare systems.

The metaverse has evolved from a sci-fi concept into a fast-growing business ecosystem, with a 45% market increase in 2025 and projections of $5 trillion in the next decade. It offers opportunities in education, business, retail, and entertainment, while also enabling anonymity and immersive experiences. However, risks such as harassment, data privacy violations, and addiction persist. Governments are working on policies to balance innovation with regulation.

Europe’s push to cut industrial pollution via the EU ETS has reduced emissions and improved respiratory health, but stricter rules raise costs, risking factory relocations, job losses, and lower tax revenues. Geopolitical tensions and rising defence spending threaten the Green Deal, forcing policymakers to balance environmental goals with economic stability to avoid undermining public support for climate action.

The NHS Long Term Plan aims to revolutionize healthcare with digital apps, remote monitoring, AI, and virtual wards, improving efficiency and patient control. Yet, challenges like the digital divide, limited access, and preference for face-to-face care risk leaving some behind. Success depends on digital literacy, inclusive design, and maintaining non-digital options to ensure equitable, human-centered healthcare.

Italy faces healthcare challenges due to an aging population and rising chronic diseases. Investing in prevention—especially in pre-hospital medications—reduces mortality and costs. Key actions include improving access, health education, strengthening primary care, and using technology. A shift toward preventive care is essential for a sustainable, efficient, and high-quality healthcare system.