Population health depends on institutional quality and social capital, not only socioeconomic status. Evidence from Italy shows that regions with effective governance and strong civic trust achieve better health and lower inequalities, independent of income or healthcare spending. Weak institutions and low social capital amplify disparities, while strong formal and informal institutions improve how resources are translated into care and health outcomes.

Climate change is increasing workplace accidents, injuries, and deaths in the UK as rising temperatures impair concentration, reaction time, and physical capacity. Heatwaves amplify risks, especially for outdoor workers, hot indoor workplaces, and those using protective equipment. Despite growing evidence, protections rely largely on employer discretion. Stronger, mandatory heat action plans are needed to reduce health risks, prevent inequality, and adapt workplaces to a warm

Prevention programs deliver remarkable returns: childhood vaccinations save $11 for every dollar invested, preventing millions of illnesses and deaths. Evidence-based interventions like tobacco taxation and sodium reduction cost under $100 per quality-adjusted life year, far more efficient than treatment. Yet prevention receives only 3% of healthcare spending, despite addressing most disease burden.

Rolex deliberately limits supply to preserve exclusivity, which creates excess demand that spills into secondary markets. There, prices rise far above retail, turning watches into investment-like assets. While scarcity strengthens brand status, much of the financial value is captured by resellers, and speculation increases market volatility.

Child malnutrition in Nigeria is widespread and closely linked to persistent poverty. Stunting and undernutrition affect millions of children, contributing to high mortality and long-term losses in human capital. Low socioeconomic status limits access to food, healthcare, and maternal nutrition. Despite many poverty programs, weak governance and poor implementation have hindered progress, requiring evidence-based, multi-sector policies.

Economic sanctions reduce output but are rarely decisive. Their effects are modest, uneven, and slow, hitting poorer, less diversified economies hardest. Financial sanctions are more disruptive but costly for sanctioning countries and encourage long-run adaptation. Sanctions signal resolve and constrain options, but they rarely deliver rapid political change.