Youth labour markets in Europe have recovered unevenly, with large structural disparities across countries. While some economies achieve low unemployment and high employment rates through strong vocational systems and smoother school-to-work transitions, others face persistent joblessness and inactivity. Labour market duality, temporary contracts, and weak institutional frameworks hinder stable integration, risking long-term inequality and economic costs without structural re

U.S. dollar dominance persists despite geopolitical tensions and trade fragmentation because it functions as a coordination equilibrium. Network effects and strategic complementarities make switching currencies costly for users, reinforcing durability once dominance is established. This explains the dollar’s continued central role in global transactions, even without U.S. involvement, and the limited impact of protectionism, trade wars, or rising financial competition on its

Gold and silver prices have surged amid economic uncertainty, rate cuts, geopolitical tensions, and a weakening US dollar. Gold reached record highs as a safe haven, while silver rose faster due to strong industrial demand in green technologies and supply shortages. Consumer preferences are also shifting, with Millennials and Gen Z favoring silver for its affordability, minimalist style, and sustainability, prompting luxury brands to expand silver offerings.

Population health depends on institutional quality and social capital, not only socioeconomic status. Evidence from Italy shows that regions with effective governance and strong civic trust achieve better health and lower inequalities, independent of income or healthcare spending. Weak institutions and low social capital amplify disparities, while strong formal and informal institutions improve how resources are translated into care and health outcomes.

Climate change is increasing workplace accidents, injuries, and deaths in the UK as rising temperatures impair concentration, reaction time, and physical capacity. Heatwaves amplify risks, especially for outdoor workers, hot indoor workplaces, and those using protective equipment. Despite growing evidence, protections rely largely on employer discretion. Stronger, mandatory heat action plans are needed to reduce health risks, prevent inequality, and adapt workplaces to a warm

Prevention programs deliver remarkable returns: childhood vaccinations save $11 for every dollar invested, preventing millions of illnesses and deaths. Evidence-based interventions like tobacco taxation and sodium reduction cost under $100 per quality-adjusted life year, far more efficient than treatment. Yet prevention receives only 3% of healthcare spending, despite addressing most disease burden.