Prof George Batsakis

Artificial intelligence is evolving in two disconnected worlds: the technical side focused on algorithms and the managerial side focused on adoption and value. The real challenge is not the technology itself, but bridging the gap between developers, organizations, and users.

Countries differ in attracting foreign direct investment because governments prioritize political survival over economic growth. While FDI can boost growth, it may also shift power and increase inequality, making it politically risky. Evidence shows a U-shaped relationship: highly competitive democracies and stable autocracies attract more FDI, while intermediate systems attract less. Ultimately, FDI flows depend on political incentives, not just economic conditions.

Digital expansion abroad often reduces performance at first due to rising complexity and costs. Only after firms scale, learn, and integrate physical and digital operations do benefits emerge, turning early losses into long-term gains.